Quick Answer
Syndactyly is present at birth when two or more digits are joined by skin and sometimes shared bone, joint or nail structures. Some forms mainly affect appearance; complex syndactyly between digits of different lengths can affect growth and alignment. Assessment therefore goes beyond simply “separating the fingers.”
Types
- Simple: mainly soft-tissue connection
- Complex: bone, joint or nail structures may also be shared
- Complete: connection extends to the fingertip
- Incomplete: only part of the digit length is joined
Initial Assessment
The whole hand and upper limb are assessed. Some congenital hand differences are associated with other organ or genetic conditions, so pediatric or genetic evaluation may be appropriate. BSSH emphasizes early specialist advice for diagnosis, family counselling and assessment of associated conditions.
When Is Surgery Performed?
Timing is individualized. Complex syndactyly involving border digits or digits of unequal length may need earlier release to avoid growth-related deformity, while other cases can be planned later. BSSH notes that much congenital hand surgery is performed between one and four years of age.
Goals of Surgery
Goals include creating an appropriate web space, allowing independent motion, guiding growth and achieving useful function and appearance. Skin grafts or local flaps may be needed depending on the anatomy.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is syndactyly always genetic?
No. Some cases are part of a genetic syndrome while others are isolated. Genetic assessment depends on family history and associated findings.
Does every child need immediate surgery?
No. Timing depends on which digits are involved, differences in length, bone/nail anatomy and risk to growth.
Sources
Evidence sources checked: 7 August 2026.
This page is for general patient education and does not replace an individual medical examination or treatment plan.