Quick Answer
Frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis) causes pain and marked stiffness as the shoulder capsule thickens and tightens. A key feature is restriction of both active movement and passive movement during examination. The condition usually evolves slowly, and recovery should not be judged against one rigid timetable.
Symptoms and Stages
The condition often progresses from a pain-dominant phase to a stiffness-dominant phase and then gradual recovery. Stage duration varies substantially between patients.
Who Is at Higher Risk?
Frozen shoulder is more common in middle age. Diabetes and thyroid disease increase risk. It can also develop after injury, surgery or a period in which the shoulder has not been moving normally.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually based on the history and examination. X-rays can help exclude arthritis and other causes of stiffness. MRI is not required for every typical case.
Treatment
AAOS patient guidance emphasizes physical therapy focused on restoring shoulder flexibility. Pain control, appropriately paced exercise and selected interventions such as injection or hydrodilatation may be considered. Manipulation under anesthesia or arthroscopic capsular release can be discussed when severe stiffness persists despite appropriate nonsurgical care.
Recovery
Most patients improve over time, but recovery can be prolonged. AAOS notes that full recovery can take up to three years in some people, so progress should not be judged only over a few weeks.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does frozen shoulder resolve on its own?
Many people improve substantially over time, but the process may be prolonged and treatment can help manage pain and function.
Will aggressive stretching make it recover faster?
Not necessarily. Exercise intensity should be matched to pain and the phase of the condition.
Sources
Evidence sources checked: 7 August 2026.
This page is for general patient education and does not replace an individual medical examination or treatment plan.